Колюбин Сергей Алексеевич

Animal running has been studied for a long time, but until now robots cannot repeat the same movements with energy efficiency close to animals. There are many controllers for controlling the movement of four-legged robots. One of the most popular is the convex MPC. This paper presents a bioinspirational approach to increasing the energy efficiency of the state-of-theart convex MPC controller. This approach is to set a reference trajectory for the convex MPC in the form of an SLIP model, which describes the movements of animals when running. Adding an SLIP trajectory increases the energy efficiency of the Pronk gait by 15 percent over a range of speed from 0.75 m/s to 1.75 m/s.

In this study, we discuss a new machine learning architecture, the multilayer preceptronrandom forest regressors pipeline (MLP-RF model), which stacks two ML regressors of different kinds to estimate the generated gripping forces from recorded surface electromyographic activity signals (EMG) during a gripping task. We evaluate our proposed approach on a publicly available dataset, putEMG-Force, which represents a sEMG-Force data profile. The sEMG signals were then filtered and preprocessed to get the features-target data frame that will be used to train the proposed ML model. The proposed ML model is a pipeline of stacking 2 different natural ML models; a random forest regressor model (RF regressor) and a multiple layer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP regressor). The models were stacked together, and the outputs were penalized by a Ridge regressor to get the best estimation of both models. The model was evaluated by different metrics; mean squared error and coefficient of determination, or $r^2$ score, to improve the model prediction performance. We tuned the most significant hyperparameters of each of the MLP-RF model components using a random search algorithm followed by a grid search algorithm. Finally, we evaluated our MLP-RF model performance on the data by training a recurrent neural network consisting of 2 LSTM layers, 2 dropouts, and one dense layer on the same data (as it is the common approach for problems with sequential datasets) and comparing the prediction results with our proposed model. The results show that the MLP-RF outperforms the RNN model.